Outbreaks of the highly contagious norovirus are on the rise in the United States, with officials reporting an increase in cases commonly known as “winter vomiting virus” or “stomach flu.” The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says norovirus is at its highest level recorded for this time of year in more than a decade.
During the first week of December, 91 suspected or confirmed outbreaks were reported, representing the highest level seen in this period since at least 2012. This significant increase constitutes one of the highest number of cases recorded in any time in the last 12 years.
It’s important to note that this data currently only covers 15 states, meaning it may not paint a complete picture of norovirus prevalence nationwide. However, the upward trend is evident, likely driven by an increasing number of states joining the monitoring program over the years.
The seasonal virus generally circulates more widely from November to April, particularly in the United States. recording around 2,500 outbreaks each year, usually peaking in February. Experts suggest this year’s outbreak could be more severe and occur earlier than in previous years, potentially due to increased social interactions “for the first time in several years.”
Additionally, many countries are experiencing an increase in various seasonal illnesses, with people gathering more frequently during the holidays than during the pandemic. Besides norovirus, conditions such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are also on the rise. Although COVID-19 no longer poses the same level of threat, it remains widespread. Health officials are particularly concerned about the relatively high levels of whooping cough, which can be dangerous for infants.
In response to the increasing incidence of seasonal viruses, many public health authorities, including those in the United Kingdom, have urged the public to get vaccinated and maintain hygienic practices to mitigate the spread of contagious diseases . Authorities described the situation as a “quademic”, involving flu, COVID-19, RSV and norovirus, with 95% of English hospital beds occupied by the start of December.
Understanding norovirus
Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting, diarrhea and foodborne illness in the United States. Despite its common nickname “stomach flu”, it is not related to the flu. The virus is spread through tiny particles of infected fecal matter that can enter the mouth, meaning individuals can contract it by consuming contaminated food or drinks or by touching their mouth after coming into contact with surfaces. contaminated, such as door handles. Health care providers who care for infected people are also at high risk of transmission.
Symptoms of norovirus typically include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain, but can also cause fever, headache, and body aches. Although the illness can be very distressing, most people recover in about three days. Staying hydrated is crucial, as vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration. If severe dehydration is suspected, medical assistance should be sought promptly.
Protect yourself against norovirus
Vigilant hand hygiene is the most effective means of protection against norovirus. Wash your hands regularly with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, shaking hands, or caring for someone infected with the virus.
It is advisable not to share food or drinks with infected people and to wash any potentially contaminated fabric in hot water. Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, as well as cooking seafood properly, can help prevent the virus from spreading through food sources.
If you contract norovirus, protect others by staying home for at least two days after your symptoms disappear. The virus can be transmitted for up to two weeks after symptoms disappear, making continued hand washing essential.
Norovirus vaccination status
Currently, there is no vaccine available against norovirus. However, Moderna researchers recently began trials for a vaccine candidate that could provide protection in the future. Vaccinations remain the best preventative measure against a plethora of seasonal illnesses, including whooping cough and measles, rates of which are also increasing in the United States.
Annual flu shots are offered each fall and are recommended for almost everyone over six months of age, especially those at greater risk of severe illness. Hospitalizations due to influenza range between 140,000 and 710,000 each year, resulting in between 12,000 and 51,000 deaths.
RSV vaccines are available to older adults and pregnant people, who can pass immunity to their vulnerable infants. Similarly, COVID-19 vaccines are recommended annually for everyone six months or older, especially for older adults and people at higher risk of severe illness or those unvaccinated.
